Showing posts with label sociobiology. Show all posts
Showing posts with label sociobiology. Show all posts

A Crowd of One: The Future of Individual Identity Review

A Crowd of One: The Future of Individual Identity
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A Crowd of One: The Future of Individual Identity ReviewAs a long-time admirer of Kuhn's concepts on paradigms and how they shift ("The Structure of Scientific Revolution" I really appreciate any thought leader that puts us on the cusp of such a shift. John Henry Clippinger is there.
I will begin with his conclusion: we are in the process of a "Big Bang" in human identity that shifts us away from organizations and nationalities and races and religions, and toward the realization that we are all "one" in terms of fractional variations of the same DNA, and hence, the world is going to start to revolve around the human end-users, not the organizations that turned them into slaves, amoral components of the industrial system, or mindless fundamentalists party to intolerant religions. For a sense of how the industrial era introduced evil by killing the role of kinship in trust, see Lionel Tiger's "The Manufacture of Evil."
In my view, this is one of three really great books on the coming revolution in human organization. The other two are Max Manwaring's "The Search for Security" and Philip Alott's "The Health of Nations." As Alott says, we took a wrong turn at the Treaty of Westphalia, and the world is long over-due for a return to localized kinship and global responsibility.
Those who favor the transpartisan transformational model of earnest and honest elections and engaged citizenry must read this book. The author opens with a long discussion of why it is relationships that matter, not transactions. Indeed, I am reminded of Margaret Wheatley and Esther Dyson--make the connections, don't worry about critical mass.
I learn the term "social physics" for the first time, and read again about reciprocity (Tom Atlee taught me about reciprocal altruism). The author disputes the idea that violence is a given, and joins Jonathan Schell ("The Unconquerable World") is stating that force is no longer a means by which to gain one's will.
The middle of the book discusses both the threat of technical progress when combined with more failed states, and the promise of digital modeling for accelerating our understanding and testing new paths forward. The author points out that we have no more than 20 years, having wasted the last six, with 2000-2025 being the tipping point period during which we can either go toward stable convergence or hyper-instability and cascading catastrophe.
Brilliant quotes on how the military must shift to soft preventive and remedial measures (General Al Gray, USMC and I called this "peaceful preventive measures in 1988), and how "Brute force is about to be rendered obsolete" at the state level (while flourishing at the gang level).
The author relates his thinking to terrorism in a very useful way, conceptualizing terrorism as a form of non-state parasite eating away at its host, and able to be more entrepreneurial than its bureaucratic adversaries, constantly changing the rules of engagement and winning the key terrain of the minds of the population, using perception in lieu of truth.
The heart of the book is on page 39: "But rather than being treated as peripheral to a primary military mission, well-articulated warfare doctrine and practices for the information, cognitive, and social domains could significantly reduce the need for more traditional methods of influence and control." Robert Garigue, RIP addresses this in his technical preface to my third book, "Information Operations," and I am writing my fifth book on how digital natives, serious games, and the way of the wiki are making our military obsolete and unaffordable.
The author attributes the US failure in Somalia (and one would add, Afghanistan and Iraq) to a complete lack of local knowledge and particularly knowledge about language, kinship, and the role of religion.
Key quote on page 44: "It would appear that the Americans and the Israelis are virtually alone in the world in not realizing that the rules and weapons of war have changed."
The book draws to a conclusion with lengthy discussions of how the complexity of social networks both define the size of one's brain, and the potential success and prosperity of the collective. Language is described as "social grooming" (hence one must be concerned when fundamentalists and extremists hijack the language). The author cites Shakespeare in suggesting that the inability to comprehend complex social networks is at the root of many misunderstandings and attendant tragedies. My first book, "On Intelligence" points out how the US Intelligence Community, a $60 billion a year endeavor, is utterly incompetent at understanding ideas, minds, individual, groups, clans, gangs, and tribes. They are optimized for counting THINGS.
Notable observation that tracks with Michael O'Hanlon's research: when women are in charge, collaboration flourishes.
Long discussion of trust and reputation, listing and discussion of seven types of leadership: authoritarian, exemplary, visionary, gatekeeper, truth teller, fixer, connector, and energizer.
Fairness is the balance point of society.
Cites Michael Vlahos, one of my personal intellectual heroes, on how the radical Islamic movement is a study in the failure of group identity and the failure of the group's "story" to adapt and prosper.
Lists and discusses Cameron's seven laws for digital trusted identity (OSS automatically destroys all digitally signed messages that demand registration before one can respond--that stupid technology is NOT part of the answer).
Engagement, not isolation. The books ends quite properly with praise for STRONG ANGEL, pioneered by Eric Rasmussen and Dave Warner, and suggests that the end game is going to be when we can engage everyone, in their own language, in their own identity terms, in the greatest story YET to be told, that of creating heaven on earth.
I totally respect this book. It is a KEY building block for moving forward with an Open Source Agency and a global free online public education as public diplomacy endeavor. It validates my view that we need a reality based Earth Game with embedded reality-based budgets, immediately. See Medard Gabel, whom I hope will develop such a game.
The Structure of Scientific Revolutions
The Manufacture of Evil: Ethics, Evolution and the Industrial System
The Search for Security: A U.S. Grand Strategy for the Twenty-First Century
The Health of Nations: Society and Law beyond the State
The Unconquerable World: Power, Nonviolence, and the Will of the People
Information Operations: All Information, All Languages, All the Time
On Intelligence: Spies and Secrecy in an Open World
Global Inc.: An Atlas of the Multinational Corporation
Energy, Earth, and Everyone
Where to find 4 billion new customers: expanding the world's marketplace; Smart companies looking for new growth opportunities should consider broadening ... consultant.: An article from: The Futurist
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The Superorganism: The Beauty, Elegance, and Strangeness of Insect Societies Review

The Superorganism: The Beauty, Elegance, and Strangeness of Insect Societies
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The Superorganism: The Beauty, Elegance, and Strangeness of Insect Societies ReviewWe look at animals in natural domains and marvel at how well they get by, how they integrate themselves into the world, exploit their niches, and leave progeny. Anyone who examines social insects, like ants and bees, has to be particularly impressed. In fact, insect societies have been a particular inspiration to those who would like to see human societies operate just as smoothly, with every member dutifully fulfilling a role to the benefit of the larger group. Liberal and conservative politicians have turned to ants and bees for inspiration and for metaphors, but that's just because they don't know how basically weird such societies are. Let them read _The Superorganism: The Beauty, Elegance, and Strangeness of Insect Societies_ (Norton) by Bert Hölldobler and E. O. Wilson. The authors are among the world's experts on ants, and in 1991 their book _The Ants_ won a Pulitzer Prize, so it is not surprising that ants get most of the pages here. Bees and termites are also covered, but naked mole rats, the closest mammalian example of this sort of colony life, are barely mentioned. This is a big book, beautifully produced with color pictures of insects in their home environments and drawings to show how they move, signal, and reply. It is also dense with serious scientific descriptions. It is not dumbed down for the lay reader, and could do for a textbook in an entomology course. Nonetheless, the descriptions are clear and the scholarship is deep, and any reader with an interest in science or nature will come away with an admiration for these strange societies and for the intensive research that is solving many of their mysteries.
The term "superorganism" for social insects was first used in a book in 1928, and the idea has waxed and waned over the decades, sometimes producing acrimony. It denotes a group of individual members that form a colony that has many attributes of a single organism. The authors' explanations of how the members of the colony function seems to be fully analogous with how an organism functions. Colony members, for instance, can be regarded as an organism's cells, and different castes can be organized as organs are in a single animal. These members can act, for instance, like a circulatory system, taking care of distribution of food, dispersal of waste, and transmission of chemical cues. The nest can be seen as the superorganism's skin or skeleton. The astonishing complexity of a colony does result from simple decision-making processes hard-wired into the colony members. As computers have shown, tiny repetitive algorithms can eventually yield astonishing complexity, and the tiny brains of ants and bees can store plenty of such programs. The result is that the colony can make decisions: Where shall we bivouac? Where does the next wall go? Where shall we roam for food? The decision-making and teamwork bring success. Social insects are hugely abundant; they are only 2% of the 900,000 insect species, but in total weigh more than all the others. A measurement in the Amazon rainforest showed social insects to be 80% of animal biomass, more than the sum of the mammals, birds, reptiles, and amphibians.
This comprehensive book has one surprising fact after another about insect societies. It describes the now-famous waggle dance used by bees to inform the hive where a nectar source is, but research has revealed "other performances on the honeybee dance card". The returning bees do a shaking dance to get more bees onto an empty dance floor to get the news, or they do a tremble dance if they can't unload the incoming nectar, a dance that recruits more bees to be food handlers. Some ants engage in child labor. The queen of the Dracula ants pierces her own larvae to feed on their blood. Tropical weaver ants use the sticky threads produced by larvae, swinging the larvae back and forth like shuttles to bind leaves together to make a nest. There are over forty distinct glands in ant species that send hormones, mostly pheromones, out to communicate with others, but ants also "stridulate" (make a chirping sound like a cricket, although it is too small and high for us to hear) to get messages across. An ant grabs hold of another and shakes in a particular way to get the other to follow to a food trail, or shakes another way to get the other to go to a new nest site. Some ants have a "social stomach", a gastric crop within all the workers that holds nutrition to be shared with any other ant that does not have enough. Ants measure the way to a food source by counting their steps; researchers glued stilts onto foragers' legs as they went into the wilds, but took the stilts off before they could return. The ants returned the right number of steps, but found themselves short of home. These sorts of facts in such abundance here can only increase our wonder at the determination of the researchers prying out insect secrets. The authors end with a cheery recognition of how far this research has come, and how much more will be coming: "None of us now present can imagine the great advances certain to come. But of course, that is one reason we have future generations."
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