Showing posts with label problem solving. Show all posts
Showing posts with label problem solving. Show all posts

The 3rd Alternative: Solving Life's Most Difficult Problems Review

The 3rd Alternative: Solving Life's Most Difficult Problems
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The 3rd Alternative: Solving Life's Most Difficult Problems ReviewAnyone who has read the 7 Habits will know this is not just a reiteration of Habit 6. This book really hits the heart of Win-Win and shows so profoundly what a real win-win is all about and how you can come up with a solution that is greater than you could have ever imagined. It is not simple to achieve synergy, but this book shows such great examples of how it has been reached.
This is a must read for everyone! World leaders, politicians, business leaders, companies of all sizes, universities, colleges, schools, hospitals, county, city, state and federal agencies, husbands, wives, teenagers all can gain valuable insight from this remarkable book.The 3rd Alternative: Solving Life's Most Difficult Problems Overview

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Concept Mapping for Planning and Evaluation (Applied Social Research Methods) Review

Concept Mapping for Planning and Evaluation (Applied Social Research Methods)
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Concept Mapping for Planning and Evaluation (Applied Social Research Methods) ReviewConcept Mapping is more than a methodology for planning and evaluation - it is, in a very real sense, the vanguard of a social movement that is leading us away from top-down thinking towards an inclusive, multi-stakeholder approach to solving problems. It has become extremely popular in the public sector, with Mary Kane and Bill Trochim serving as the most visible proponents of this approach through their company Concept Systems, Inc. (CSI). Concept Mapping's fundamentals hold increasing promise for organizational thinking in the private sector as well.

Think about the problems inherent in getting a large and diverse group of people to reach common ground: the balance of power among participants, the diversity of opinions, the risk of forceful "outliers" shifting the frame of the discussion, and much more. Concept Mapping uses a mix of procedural and quantitative techniques to create a visual 3D map of the group's ideas - a tangible and comprehensible portrait of group thought, which in turn becomes a basis for dialogue and consensus. Combined with other mapping techniques to quickly identify key thought differences between stakeholder groups as well as "go-zones" of actionable ideas, it gives structure to a planning and evaluation process that has more input, and more buy-in, from a broader range of constituents. The method particularly shines in high-stakes efforts with strong and divergent opinions, such as strategic planning and community development efforts.

The great benefit of this book is the voice of the authors themselves - they bring years of experience and a wealth of real-world examples to a book that reads more like a popular business title than a social science textbook. It will change the way you look at the group dynamics of planning and evaluation, and help you become part of the cutting edge of how we apply "systems thinking" in organizations.

-Rich Gallagher, author of "The Soul of an Organization"Concept Mapping for Planning and Evaluation (Applied Social Research Methods) Overview

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Your Brain at Work: Strategies for Overcoming Distraction, Regaining Focus, and Working Smarter All Day Long Review

Your Brain at Work: Strategies for Overcoming Distraction, Regaining Focus, and Working Smarter All Day Long
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Your Brain at Work: Strategies for Overcoming Distraction, Regaining Focus, and Working Smarter All Day Long ReviewDavid Rock and I share a similar view: People become more open to changing the behaviors which hold them back when they can understand the brain science behind it all. If you teach a man to do a task, he'll complete the task; if you teach him how his brain is wired, and how to optimize and build it, he'll be one of the most successful (and well-adjusted) people you've ever met.
In "Your Brain at Work" David speaks clearly and meaningfully -- with humor and relevance to everyday life -- about why it is our brains work better under some circumstances than others. He's frank about the limitations of our cognitive abilities -- even the brightest among us -- explaining the "why" and "how" of the limits, and, most importantly, "how to make it better" without frazzling yourself with multitasking, split attention, and other inefficient ways of trying to do your work.
He manages to do this with warmth and humor, all the while bringing the reader inside the findings of some of the top researchers in neuroscience.
I'm a neuropsychologist by training, and now do psychotherapy with high-functioning, successful people who complain about feeling depleted, overwhelmed, out of balance, and burned out. I'm grateful to have this book to supplement our work on the brain-based issues that create the perpetual sense of swimming upstream.Your Brain at Work: Strategies for Overcoming Distraction, Regaining Focus, and Working Smarter All Day Long Overview

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The Power of Positive Deviance: How Unlikely Innovators Solve the World's Toughest Problems Review

The Power of Positive Deviance: How Unlikely Innovators Solve the World's Toughest Problems
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The Power of Positive Deviance: How Unlikely Innovators Solve the World's Toughest Problems Review
For those who are unfamiliar with the terms "outliers" and "positive deviance," the former refers to "an observation or phenomenon that is numerically distant from the rest of the data," an "extreme deviation from the mean." Malcolm Gladwell has written a book, Outliers: The Story of Success, in which he examines a number of individuals such as Bill Gates who become peak performers. As for "positive deviance," Richard Pasquale, Jerry Sternin, and Monique Sternin explain it as an awkward, oxymoronic term. "The concept is simple: look for outliers who succeed against all odds...The basic premise is this: (1) Solutions to seemingly intractable problems already exist, (2) they have been discovered by members of the community itself, and (3) these innovators (individual positive deviants) have succeeded even though they share the same constraints and barriers as others."
The co-authors acknowledge that the positive deviance process is not suitable for everything and suggest that "the process excels over most alternatives when addressing problems that "(1) are enmeshed in a complex social system, (2) require social and behavioral change, and (3) entail solutions that are rife with unforeseeable or unintended consequences." Also, this process should be at least considered when the given problems are viewed as "intractable" after prior solutions failed. Moreover, the process redirects attention from "what's wrong" to "what's right" - observable exceptions that succeed "against all odds."
I can personally attest that, on the basis of my extensive experience with corporate teams involved in process improvement initiatives (e.g. to reduce cycle time, improve first pass yield), the PD approach is almost always the best to take. Presumably the co-authors will not object if I suggest that "what doesn't work" and "what does work" could - and probably should - be used instead of "what's right" and "what's wrong." If I understand the authors (and I may not), they assert that the PD approach improves the chances of answering questions and solving problems that might not otherwise be accessible. Just as this PD approach is not suitable for every task or objective, it is also not suitable for everyone who could become involved.
So, when and how to decide which approach to use? The co-authors acknowledge that the standard model is probably the best course of action for roughly 70-80% of change problems encountered. "But when empirical experience leads us to conclude, 'we've tried everything and nothing works,' harnessing local understanding may be the only way to break the impasse." I agree while noting that (a) most change initiatives fail or at least fall far short of expectations and (b) most of those failures are the result of insufficient engagement but those "in the trenches" during the implementation process.
The bulk of the material in this book focuses on how the PD approach has helped to alleviate some of the world's toughest problems associated with childhood malnutrition in Vietnam, female circumcision in Egypt, hospital infections, "early wins, squandered gains" at Merck, and "girl soldiers" in Uganda. In these and other situations, the co-authors explain a natural progression of change within evolutionary systems that can be incorporated into the PD approach: change can disrupt prolonged equilibrium, "a precursor to death or stagnation"; an invitation to become involved in change requires those who accept to vacate a comfort zone (what James O'Toole characterizes as "the ideology of comfort and the tyranny of custom") and share ownership of challenges to orthodoxies that create turbulence; change agents become self-organized as new forms and new solutions emerge from the inevitable tumult; and of course, there are unintended consequences because living systems "do not follow a linear path. One can disturb them in a manner that approximates a desired outcome - but never fully direct them."
I congratulate Richard Pasquale, Jerry Sternin, and Monique Sternin on a brilliant achievement. The information and insights they provide in abundance substantially increase their reader's (this reader's) understanding of "nature's way" (i.e. modularization, selective variation, preservation of cultural and biological DNA, and the natural progression of change) and, especially, the implications for those in positions of authority. They call for "nothing less than a role reversal in which experts become learners, teachers become students, and authority figures become catalysts for bottom-up change." In my opinion, this book is an operations manual for change initiatives that could perhaps save the human race. I invite those who challenge that assertion to read...and then re-read...this book.The Power of Positive Deviance: How Unlikely Innovators Solve the World's Toughest Problems Overview

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Global Action Networks: Creating Our Future Together (Bocconi on Management Series) Review

Global Action Networks: Creating Our Future Together (Bocconi on Management Series)
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Global Action Networks: Creating Our Future Together (Bocconi on Management Series) ReviewGlobal Action Networks provides an outstanding framework for addressing today's complex social and environmental issues. It gives a comprehensive overview of current systemic, large-scale change methodologies and also describes how the complex problems we face globally are being addressed by a new type of entity, the global action network. Based on research of 80 networks, it's rife with grounded examples and concrete ways these networks have been successful.
Waddell cites trends of continuing globalization, diversity, complexity and the disruptive impact of new technology as contributing factors to our inability to address today's issues utilizing traditional strategies. These factors are an impetus for shifting our assumptions about the way the world works and the way we engage and innovate to address social and environmental problems. He posits that we need to address issues by utilizing systems thinking and including an array of stakeholders to craft solutions and envision emerging futures rather than breaking up a problem and analyzing its parts in a linear fashion. This leads to more effective, locally applicable, timely solutions that work, given the dynamic nature of our interdependent world.
Global Action Networks are basically multi-stakeholder networks that span geographical and institutional boundaries in order to effect systemic change. Because they involve systems thinking, developed by Peter Senge and others at MIT, and are designed to build connections and trust, Waddell argues that they lead to superior results. He says the networks help shift perspectives because they create a collective understanding of a problem, take into account impacts on multiple parties, and operate from a place of future possibilities. The solutions tend to be breakthroughs that change the rules of the game.
Examples of global action networks include the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria, which has increased access to effective treatments, saving 3.5 million lives; the Forest Stewardship Council, which has certified 300 million acres of forests and engaged 16,000 retail businesses in 100 countries to sell certified products; and the Principles for Responsible Investment, which is changing the logic of the global finance system through a set of principles that has engaged 850 signatories representing $US 20 trillion in assets. These networks take a whole systems approach and a stance of emergence, where the relationships and power dynamics shift due to interactions of diverse players - and change can go viral by connecting local actions.
Waddell helps us understand characteristics of successful networks. While the speed and rapid growth of viral networks may be the most visible trait, he shows how crafting a set of principles, embracing diversity, building trust, and fostering entrepreneurial action are necessary components that help networks take global concerted action while responding to a wide range of local conditions. With their voluntary leadership, focus on levers for change, and advancement of best practice GAN's aim to reach a tipping point to shift the global system in their issue area. GAN's go beyond "scaling up" and beyond reform to "scaling across" geographies, applying "triple-loop learning" where the change is both meaningful and transformational. The depth of his approach is similar to Frieze's observations on building resilience and "scaling across" in Walk Out and Walk On (Barrett-Kohler, 2011).
The book includes chapters on "seeing the whole," "mastering change," and "formalizing connections" with some specific and very useful tools to develop effective networks. Mapping in many different forms is presented as a way to understand the complex and dynamic relationships of network players and to distinguish between types of complexity (spatial, cultural, knowledge, change, relational).
In the chapter on mastering change, Waddell starts with action learning as a basis for change and expands on that by proposing four change strategies that range from the individual to the collective to inter-personal to systemic, noting that in order for change to be transformational, it must include both individual and structural change - even bringing in spiritual aspects of change. He includes "leading from the future as it emerges" as seen in Otto Scharmer's Theory U (Society for Organizational Learning, 2007) as well as many forms of Dialogue (reflective, generative) including those in the comprehensive text Democratic Dialogue by Pruitt (UNDP/OAS, 2007).
In addressing formalizing connections, the book gets into some of the nuts and bolts of organizing, utilizing design principles and building structural components of the network.
One of the most helpful chapters outlines competencies required for success. This well thought out set of eight competencies not only applies to those in GAN's but also to any leader working with complex issues, uncertainty, and tumultuous change. They include knowledge, skills, and behaviors in leadership, network development, measuring impact, conflict and change, communications, learning systems, policy and advocacy, and resource mobilization. He brings in the concept of shared leadership seen in "Leadership, Excellence and the Soft Skills" by Bradford and Robin (Stanford GSB, 2004) and personal mastery and learning organizations in Senge's The Fifth Discipline (Doubleday, 1990).
Waddell's model is part of a growing body of work that addresses social issues with a level of depth and engagement that leads to impact on the global, local, and personal levels as it shifts the system within which it works. In the United States, The Interaction Institute for Social Change (IISC), with its eighteen-year track record, is probably the leading organization pioneering this transformational work. Waddell asserts that global action networks represent a 21st-century global governance model that stems from two main sources: the positive impact of technology on how work and society is organized; and the weaknesses in post-World War II international institutions. Global Action Networks contributes to this articulation of what's next in governance by showing how we can envision a future and work collaboratively to create a better world.
With solid examples and clear logic, Waddell articulately presents a concise, effective, and useful model for us to consider local and global approaches to the complex issues we face as a society. The book will help any social innovation practitioner look at his or her competencies, learn an emerging networked approaches, and find new ways to discern and navigate our most complex problems.
Patrick McNamara
Appreciative Inquiry Consulting
Global Action Networks: Creating Our Future Together (Bocconi on Management Series) Overview

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